The Python Math Library provides various Functions and Constants / Properties, which allows us to perform mathematical functionality. Unlike other Python global objects, Properties and Functions inside the Python math library object is static. So, we can access the properties as Math.PI and functions as Math.abs(number).
Python Math Object Properties
The following table will show you the list of Properties or Constants available in Python Math library
| Python Math Properties | Description |
|---|---|
| math.e | It will return the Euler’s Number e, approximately equal to 2.71828 |
| math.pi | It will return the Pie Value, approximately equal to 3.14 |
| math.inf | This Python math property returns the Positive Infinity. You can use -Math.INF to return the Negative Infinity. |
| math.nan | It will return Not A Number as output |
Python Math Functions
The following table will show you the list of Functions available in Python Math Library
| Python Math Functions | Description |
|---|---|
| ceil(x) | It is used to return the smallest integer value which is greater than or equal to the specified expression or a number. |
| copysign(x) | This python math function is used to find the Absolute value of first argument and return the absolute value along with sign specified in second argument |
| fabs(x) | It will return the Absolute value of a Given number |
| factorial(x) | It is used to find the factorial of a specified expression or an individual number. |
| floor(x) | It is used to return the largest integer value which is less than or equal to the specified expression or a number. |
| fmod(x, y) | This python math function is used to calculate the Module of the specified given arguments. |
| frexp(x) | This function is used to return the mantissa and exponent of x, as pair (m, e) where m is a float value and e is an integer value. |
| fsum(Iterable) | This function is used to calculate and return the sum of iterates (Tuples and Lists) |
| gcd(x, y) | This python math function is used to return the greatest common divisor of two given arguments. |
| isclose(x, y) | This function will return TRUE, If the two arguments are close to each other, otherwise it returns FALSE |
| isfinite(x) | Used to check whether the given number / expression is neither Infinity (both Positive or Negative) nor NaN. It will return TRUE, If the given number is neither Infinity nor NaN (Not a Number) otherwise FALSE |
| isinf(x) | This function is used to check whether the given number / expression is Infinity (both Positive or Negative) or not. It will return TRUE, If the given number is Infinity otherwise FALSE |
| isnan(x) | This python math function is used to check whether the given number / expression is NaN (Not a Number) or not. It will return TRUE, If the given number is NaN otherwise FALSE |
| round(x) | This is regular built-in function (not a Math library function). It is used to round the specified expression or an individual number to nearest integer. |
| ldexp(x, i) | It is used to return x * (2**i). This is also called as inverse of Python FREXP function. |
| modf(x) | This python math function is used to divide the given value into two arguments: Fractional Part as first argument and integer value as second argument. |
| trunc(x) | It is used to remove the decimal values from specified expression and return the integer value |
Python Power and Logarithmic Functions
Following functions are the list of Power and logarithmic functions available in Python Math Library.
| Power and Logarithmic Functions | Description |
|---|---|
| exp(x) | It is used to calculate the power of E, Where E is Euler’s number approximately equal to 2.71828. |
| expm1(x) | It is used to calculate the power of E (Where E is Euler’s number approximately equal to 2.71828) and subtracts one from it. |
| log(x, base) | This Python Power and logarithmic function is used to calculate the logarithmic value of number with base E. |
| log2(x) | It is used to calculate the logarithmic value of number with base E. |
| log10(x) | It is used to calculate the logarithmic value of given number with base E. |
| pow(x) | This Python Power and logarithmic function is used to calculate the Power of the specified expression |
| sqrt(x) | It is used to find the square root of a specified expression or an individual number |
Python Trigonometric Functions
Following functions are the list of Trigonometric functions available in Python Math Library.
| Trigonometric Functions | Description |
|---|---|
| acos(x) | It will return the Arc Cosine value of a Given number |
| asin(x) | This Python Trigonometric function return the Arc Sine value of a Given number |
| atan(x) | It will return the Arc Tangent value of a number |
| atan2(y, x) | It will return the angle (in radius) from the X -Axis to the specified point (y, x). |
| cos(x) | This Python Trigonometric function return the Cosine value of a number |
| hypot(x, y) | It will extract the characters from a string based on the specified indices |
| sin(x) | It will return the Sine value of given number |
| tan(x) | It will return the Tangent value of given number |
Python Hyperbolic Functions
The Python Hyperbolic Functions are trigonometric functions which allows us to perform following functions on Hyperbolic, instead of Circles.
| Hybrbolic Functions | Description |
|---|---|
| acosh(x) | It will return the Hyperbolic Arc Cosine (inverse Hyperbolic Cosine) value of a Given number |
| asinh(x) | This Python Hyperbolic Function return the Hyperbolic Arc Sine (inverse Hyperbolic Sine) value of a Given number |
| atanh(x) | It will return the Hyperbolic Arc Tangent (inverse Hyperbolic Tangent) value of a Given number |
| cosh(x) | It will return the Hyperbolic Cosine value of a Given number |
| sinh(x) | This Python Hyperbolic Function return the Hyperbolic Sine value of a Given number |
| tanh(x) | It will return the Hyperbolic Tangent value of a Given number |
Python Angular Functions
The following functions are the list of Angular functions available in Python Math Library.
| Angular Functions | Description |
|---|---|
| degrees(x) | It will convert the specified angle from Radians to Degrees. |
| radians(x) | This Python Angular function convert the specified angle from Degrees to Radians. |
Python Special Functions
The following functions are the list of Special functions available in Python Math Library.
| Special Functions | Description |
|---|---|
| erf(x) | It returns the error function at specified value. |
| erfc(x) | This Python Special function returns the complementary error function at specified value. OR we can simply say, 1 – erf(x) |
| gamma(x) | It returns the Gamma function at specified value. |
| lgamma(x) | This Python Special function returns the Natural Logarithm of the Gamma function at specified value. |
Python Math Functions Examples
The following examples helps you to understand these math or mathematical functions in Python
Python Math Constants Example
In this Python Mathematical constants example, we are going to use the list of available constants in the Math library. They are pi, e, tau, inf and NaN.
# Python Constant Examples
import math
print('pi Constant - Pi Value = ', math.pi)
print('pi Constant - Degrees of Pi Value = ', math.degrees(math.pi))
print('\ne Constant - e Value = ', math.pi)
print('e Constant - Degrees of e Value = ', math.degrees(math.e))
print('\ntau Constant - tau Value = ', math.tau)
print('tau Constant - Degrees of tau Value = ', math.degrees(math.tau))
print('\ninf Constant - Positive Infinity = ', math.inf)
print('inf Constant - Negative Infinity = ', -math.inf)
print('\nNaN Constant - Not a Number = ', math.nan)
OUTPUT
Python Math Functions Example 1
In this Python Mathematical Functions example, we are going to use the FABS to find the absolute value, and copysign to change the sign. Next, we used the ceil and floor function to find the Ceiling and Floor values.
Within the last statement, we used Factorial function to find the factorial of a given value. Cosine, Sine and Tangent Values.
# Python Mathematical Functions Examples
import math
x = 10.98
y = 30.22
z = -40.95
print('FABS Function - Absolute Value of z = ', math.fabs(z))
print('FABS Function - Absolute Value of -124.897 = ', math.fabs(-124.897))
print('\ncopysign Function - copysign Value of x, z = ', math.copysign(x, z))
print('copysign Function - copysign Value of z, x = ', math.copysign(z, x))
print('\nCEIL Function - Ceiling Value of x = ', math.ceil(x))
print('CEIL Function - Ceiling Value of y = ', math.ceil(y))
print('\nFLOOR Function - Floor Value of x = ', math.floor(x))
print('FLOOR Function - Floor Value of y = ', math.floor(y))
print('\nFactorial Function - Factorial of 3 = ', math.factorial(3))
print('Factorial Function - Factorial of 5 = ', math.factorial(5))
OUTPUT
Python Math Functions Example 2
In this Python Mathematical Functions example, we used FMOD, FREXP, FSUM and GCD functions with different values.
# Python Mathematical Functions Examples
import math
print('FMOD Function - Mod Value of 2 and 3 = ', math.fmod(2, 3))
print('FMOD Function - Mod Value of 225.55 and 5.5 = ', math.fmod(222.55, 5.5))
print('\nFREXP Function - Mantissa and Exponent Value of 5 = ', math.frexp(5))
print('FREXP Function - Mantissa and Exponent Value of -9 = ', math.frexp(-9))
print('\nFSUM Function - Sum of Tuple Items = ', math.fsum((10, 20, 30, 40)))
print('FSUM Function - Sum of List Items = ', math.fsum([5, 22, 35, 9]))
print('\nGCD Function - GCD of two Value of 10 and 2 = ', math.gcd(10, 2))
print('GCD Function - GCD of two Value of 100 and 15 = ', math.gcd(100, 15))
OUTPUT
Python Mathematical Functions Example 3
In this Python Math Functions example, we used ROUND, LDEXP, MODF, TRUNC and REMAINDER functions.
# Python Mathematical Functions Examples
import math
print('ROUND Function - Rounded Value 100.98763 = ', round(100.9876, 2))
print('ROUND Function - Rounded Value 125.932832 = ', round(125.932832, 3))
print('\nLDEXP Function - LDEXP (FREXP inverse) Value of 4, 5 = ', math.ldexp(4, 5))
print('LDEXP Function - LDEXP (FREXP inverse) Value of -9, 2 = ', math.ldexp(-9, 2))
print('\nMODF Function - Modf (Divided 1 to 2) Value of 100 = ', math.modf(100))
print('MODF Function - Modf (Divided 1 to 2) Value of 120.98 = ', math.modf(120.98))
print('\nTRUNC Function - Truncated Value 100.98763 = ', math.trunc(100.9876))
print('ROUND Function - Truncated Value 125.932832 = ', math.trunc(-125.932832))
print('\nREMAINDER Function - Remainder of 29 and 5 = ', math.remainder(20, 5))
print('REMAINDER Function - Remainder of 10 and 3 = ', math.remainder(10, 3))
OUTPUT
Python Logarithmic Functions Example
In this Python Logarithmic Function example, we are going to use the EXP, EXPM1 to get exp values. Next, we used the LOG, LOG2 and LOG10 functions to get the natural logarithmic value, base 2Logarithmic value. and base 10 logarithmic value.
Next, we used the POW to find x raised to power of y, and SQRT function to find the square root of a number.
# Python Power and Logarithmic Functions Examples
import math
print('EXP Function - exp Value of 5 = ', math.exp(5))
print('EXP Function - exp Value of -3 = ', math.exp(-3))
print('\nEXPM1 Function - expm1 Value of 8 = ', math.expm1(8))
print('EXPM1 Function - expm1 Value of -5 = ', math.expm1(-5))
print('\nLOG Function - logarithmic Value of 5 = ', math.log(5))
print('LOG Function - logarithmic Value of 100 Base 2 = ', math.log(100, 2))
print('\nLOG2 Function - logarithmic Value of 120 Base 2 = ', math.log2(120))
print('\nLOG10 Function - logarithmic Value of 150 Base 10 = ', math.log2(150))
print('\nPOW Function - 2 Power 3 Value = ', math.pow(2, 3))
print('POW Function - 5 Power 4 Value = ', math.pow(5, 4))
print('\nSQRT Function - Square Root of 25 = ', math.sqrt(25))
print('SQRT Function - Square Root of 19 = ', math.sqrt(19))
OUTPUT
Python Trigonometric Functions Example 1
In this Python Trigonometric Function example, we are going to use the SIN, COS and TAN functions to find the Sine, Cosine and Tangent Values. Next, we used the ACOS, ASIN, ATAN and ATAN2 functions to find the Arc cosine, Arc Sine and Arc Tangent values. Within the last statement, we used HYPOT function
# Python Trigonometric Functions Examples
import math
print('COS Function - Cosine of 10 = ', math.cos(10))
print('COS Function - Cosine of -15 = ', math.cos(-15))
print('\nSIN Function - Sine of 3 = ', math.sin(3))
print('SIN Function - Sine of -5 = ', math.sin(-5))
print('\nTAN Function - Tangent of 9 = ', math.tan(9))
print('TAN Function - Tangent of -3 = ', math.tan(-3))
print('\nACOS Function - Arc Cosine of 1 = ', math.acos(1))
print('ACOS Function - Arc Cosine of -0.78 = ', math.acos(-0.78))
print('\nASIN Function - Arc Sine of 1 = ', math.asin(1))
print('ASIN Function - Arc Sine of -2 = ', math.asin(-0.42))
print('\nATAN Function - Arc Tangent of 0.72 = ', math.atan(0.72))
print('ATAN Function - Arc Tangent of -2.71 = ', math.atan(-2.71))
print('\nATAN2 Function - Tangent of 2, 5 = ', math.atan2(2, 5))
print('\nHYPOT Function - Hypot Value of 2, 3 = ', math.hypot(2, 3))
OUTPUT
Python Trigonometric Functions Example 2
In this Python Trigonometric Function example, we are going to use the Hyperbolic functions. First, we used the COSH, SINH and TANH functions to find the Hyperbolic Cosine, Sine and Tangent Values.
Next, we used the ACOSH, ASINH and ATANH functions to find the Hyperbolic Arc cosine, Arc Sine and Hyperbolic Arc Tangent value.
# Python Trigonometric Functions Examples
import math
print('COSH Function - Hyperbolic Cosine of 2 = ', math.cosh(2))
print('COSH Function - Hyperbolic Cosine of -1 = ', math.cosh(-1))
print('\nSINH Function - Hyperbolic Sine of 3 = ', math.sinh(3))
print('SINH Function - Hyperbolic Sine of -5 = ', math.sinh(-5))
print('\nTANH Function - Hyperbolic Tangent of 1 = ', math.tanh(1))
print('TANH Function - Hyperbolic Tangent of -3 = ', math.tanh(-3))
print('\nACOSH Function - Hyperbolic Arc Cosine of 10 = ', math.acosh(10))
print('ACOSH Function - Hyperbolic Arc Cosine of 30.78 = ', math.acosh(30.78))
print('\nASINH Function - Hyperbolic Arc Sine of 15 = ', math.asinh(15))
print('ASINH Function - Hyperbolic Arc Sine of -25 = ', math.asinh(-25))
print('\nATANH Function - Hyperbolic Arc Tangent of 0.57 = ', math.atanh(0.57))
print('ATANH Function - Hyperbolic Arc Tangent of -0.71 = ', math.atanh(-0.71))
OUTPUT
Python Angular and Special Functions Example
In this Python Angular Functions example, First, we used the DEGREES and RADIANS functions to convert degrees to radians vice versa.
Next, we used the GAMMA and LGAMMA functions to return the gamma values.
# Python Angular and Special Functions Examples
import math
print('DEGREES Function - Degrees Value of 6 = ', math.degrees(5))
print('DEGREES Function - Degrees Value of 12 = ', math.degrees(12))
print('\nRADIANS Function - Radians Value of 350 = ', math.radians(350))
print('\nRADIANS Function - Radians Value of 680 = ', math.radians(680))
print('\nGAMMA Function - Gamma Value of 8 = ', math.gamma(8))
print('LGAMMA Function - LGamma Value of 9 = ', math.lgamma(9))
OUTPUT
