The Python static Method can call without creating an instance or object. Although Static Method belongs to a class, you can call directly by its name. If you want a method that doesn’t need any class variables or instance variables to operate, then you can create it as a static method.
For example, if you want to print a welcome message, then you can create it as a static method because it won’t change. Or it won’t need any class variable to display that message. We can create a static method in Python by using @staticmethod decorator or staticmethod() function. Although we don’t recommend the second option, we are showing the possibilities for your understanding.
In this section, we explain to you how to create a static method in the Python programming language and how to call the static methods.
In most of the examples, we combine static methods with the non-static methods. At first, it might confuse you, but this allows you to differentiate between static and non-static methods.
Python static Method Example
You can write both static and non-static methods with a single class. Let me create a non-static method func_message() and one static method func_msg() using @staticmethod decorator.
TIP: Refer to the Python Functions and class article to create a Python class.
class Employee:
def func_message(self):
print('Welcome to Python Programming')
@staticmethod
def func_msg():
print("Welcome to Tutorial Gateway")
To display something from a class, you need to create an object from that class.
Calling static Method
In this example, we show how to call Python static method and non-static method. As we said earlier, we don’t need to create an instance to call the static methods.
If you look into the example, Employee.func_msg() means classname.staicmethod_name. It automatically calls the func_msg method in the employee class. Next, we created an instance of the Employee class to call another method, which is a non-static method.
class Employee:
def func_message(self):
print('Welcome to Python Programming')
@staticmethod
def func_msg():
print("Welcome to Tutorial Gateway")
Employee.func_msg()
emp = Employee()
emp.func_message()
Static Method approach 2
In this example, we create a static method using staticmethod() function in Python. Within the class, first, we created two regular methods. Next, we used the below statement to convert the regular method to a static method.
Employee.func_addition = staticmethod(Employee.func_addition). It means class_name.method_name = staticmethod(class_name.method_name)
class Employee:
def func_message(self):
print('Welcome to Python Programming')
def func_addition(a, b):
return a + b
Employee.func_addition = staticmethod(Employee.func_addition)
print('Total = ', Employee.func_addition(25, 50))
emp = Employee()
emp.func_message()
It is another example of creating a static method using the staticmethod() function. Here, we created two static methods func_addition() and func_multiply()
class Employee:
def func_message(self):
print('Welcome to Python Programming')
def func_addition(a, b):
return a + b
def func_multiply(a, b):
return a * b
emp = Employee()
emp.func_message()
Employee.func_addition = staticmethod(Employee.func_addition)
print('Total = ', Employee.func_addition(25, 50))
Employee.func_multiply = staticmethod(Employee.func_multiply)
print('Multiplication = ', Employee.func_multiply(25, 50))
Python Static Method with Arguments example
In Python, you don’t have to use self or cls attributes to create a static method. Like a function, you can create it and add the arguments as per your requirements.
In this example, we created two static methods. The def func_msg() method prints a welcome message. And, def split_string(message) method accepts a string and splits that string by comma delimiter. I suggest you refer to String split article.
class Employee:
def func_message(self):
print('Welcome to Python Programming')
@staticmethod
def func_msg():
print("Welcome to Tutorial Gateway")
@staticmethod
def split_string(message):
return message.split(",")
Employee.func_msg()
countries = 'India, China, Japan, USA, UK, Australia, Canada'
print(Employee.split_string(countries))
It is another example of a Python static method with arguments. In this example, we used static methods to split the message using comma and used the replace function to replace the comma with an underscore. I suggest you refer String replace article.
class Employee:
def func_message(self):
print('Welcome to Python Programming')
@staticmethod
def func_msg():
print("Welcome to Tutorial Gateway")
@staticmethod
def split_string(message):
return message.split(",")
@staticmethod
def replace_string(message):
return message.replace(",", "_")
Employee.func_msg()
countries = 'India, China, Japan, USA, UK, Australia, Canada'
print(Employee.split_string(countries))
print(Employee.replace_string(countries))
Arithmetic Operations using Python Static Method
Here, we create three static methods to perform addition, subtraction, and multiplication.
class Employee:
def func_message(self):
print('Welcome to Python Programming')
@staticmethod
def func_addition(a, b):
return a + b
@staticmethod
def func_multiply(a, b):
return a * b
@staticmethod
def func_subtract(a, b):
return a - b
print(Employee.func_addition(10, 20))
print(Employee.func_addition(15, 28))
print(Employee.func_multiply(2, 3))
print(Employee.func_multiply(5, 7))
print(Employee.func_subtract(20, 75))
print(Employee.func_subtract(1600, 249))
