SQL Else If Statement

The SQL Else If statement is very useful to check multiple conditions at once. It is an extension to the SQL If Else (which we discussed in the earlier post). If Else statement will only execute the statements when the given condition is either true or False but in real world, we may have to check more than two conditions. In these situations we can use SQL Else If statement. Let us see the syntax of the SQL Server Else if statement:

Syntax of the SQL Else If

The syntax of the Else If in SQL Server is as follows:

IF (Expression 1)
BEGIN
   Statement 1;
END

ELSE IF (Expression 2)
BEGIN
   Statement 2;
END
..........
ELSE 
BEGIN
   Default Statement;
END

The SQL Server else if statement handle multiple statements effectively by executing them sequentially. It will check for the first condition, if the condition is TRUE then it will execute the statements present in that block. If the condition is FALSE then it will check the Next one (Else If condition) and so on and so forth.

There will be some situations where condition 1, condition 2 is TRUE, for example:

x = 30, y = 15

Condition 1: x > y — TRUE

Condition 2: x != y — TRUE

In these situations, statements under the Condition 1 will be executed because ELSE IF conditions will only be executed if its previous IF or ELSE IF statement fails.

Flow Chart of a SQL Else If

Let us see the flow chart of the SQL server else if statement for better understanding.

SQL Else If Example

In this program, We are going to calculate whether he is eligible for scholarship or not using SQL Else if statement

SQL CODE

-- SQL Else If Example

--Declaring Total Marks Out of 1000
DECLARE @Total_Marks INT = 940 ;

IF @Total_Marks > = 900
BEGIN
   PRINT ' Congratulations ';
   PRINT ' You are eligible for Full Scholarship ';
END
ELSE IF @Total_Marks > = 800
BEGIN
   PRINT ' Congratulations ';
   PRINT ' You are eligible for 50 Percent Scholarship ';
END
ELSE IF @Total_Marks > = 750
BEGIN
   PRINT ' Congratulations ';
   PRINT ' You are eligible for 10 Percent Scholarship ';
END
ELSE
BEGIN
   PRINT ' You are Not eligible for Scholarship ';
   PRINT ' We are really Sorry for You ';
END

OUTPUT 1: Here the Total_Marks = 940. It means First If condition is TRUE that’s why, statements inside the If Statement is displayed as Browser output

OUTPUT 2: Let us change the Total_Marks from 940 to 820, which means first IF condition Fails. So, It will check the else if (@Total_Marks >= 800), which is TRUE so it will display the statements inside this block. Although else if (@Total_Marks >= 750) condition is TRUE, but it won’t check that condition.

OUTPUT 3: Let us change the Total_Marks from 820 to 760, which means first IF condition and Else if (@Total_Marks >= 800) fails. So, It will check the else if (@Total_Marks >= 750), which is TRUE so it will print the statements inside this block.

OUTPUT 4: We are going to change the Total_Marks to 735. It means all the IF and Else If conditions Fail. So, It will print the statements inside the else block.

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