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SQL CROSS JOIN

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The SQL Cross Join returns the Cartesian product of both the tables. Cartesian product means Number of Rows present in Table 1 Multiplied by Number of Rows present in Table 2.

SQL Server Cross Join does not require any common column to join two tables. Let us see the visual representation of the Cross Join for better understanding.

SQL CROSS JOIN Chart

From the above screenshot, you can easily understand that SQL Server Cross join displays the Cartesian product of two tables. It means, every record in Table A is combining with every record Table B

SQL Cross Join Syntax

The basic syntax of the Cross Join in SQL Server is as shown below:

-- SQL Server Cross Join Syntax
SELECT Table1.Column(s), Table2.Column(s),
FROM Table1
 CROSS JOIN
     Table2 

--OR We can Simply Write it as
SELECT Table1. Column(s), Table2. Column(s),
FROM Table1, Table2

For this SQL Server Cross Join example, we use two tables (Employee and Department) present in our [SQL Server Tutorials] Database.

Data present in the Employee Table is as shown below:

SQL CROSS JOIN Example

Data present in the Department Table is:

SQL CROSS JOIN

SQL Cross Join Select * Example

The following cross Join query will display all the existing columns in an employee & Department tables

-- SQL Server Cross Join Example
USE SQLTEST
GO
SELECT * FROM [Employee]
   CROSS JOIN [Department];

If you observe the below screenshot, It is displaying 120 records. It means 15 rows from the Employee multiplies by 8 rows in the Department table

SQL CROSS JOIN 3

NOTE: I suggest you select individual column names. Please avoid SELECT * Statement in Cross Join to avoid unwanted columns like id, DeptID, id, etc.

SQL Cross Join Select Few Columns Example

As we said before, please select the required columns after the SELECT Statement to avoid unwanted columns. The following Query will display the Cartesian product of the columns present in Employee and Department tables.

-- SQL Server Cross Join Example
USE SQLTEST
GO
SELECT [FirstName]
      ,[LastName]
      ,[DepartmentName]
FROM [Employee]
   CROSS JOIN [Department]

OUTPUT

SQL CROSS JOIN 4

SQL Cross Join Ambiguous Columns

Above Transact query will work flawlessly if column names from both tables (Employee and Department) are different like above. What happens if they had the same column names in both the tables? Well, with the above-specified approach, you will end up with an error. Let us see how to resolve the issue.

Before we get into the solution, let me show you one practical example. As you can see, we are using the above query. Still, we added id from the department table as an additional column.

-- SQL Server Cross Join Example
USE SQLTEST
GO
SELECT [FirstName]
      ,[LastName]
      ,id
      ,[DepartmentName]
FROM [Employee]
   CROSS JOIN [Department]

You can see from the below screenshot, and it is throwing an error: Ambiguous column name id. It is because the id column is present in both Employee and department table. And SQL Server doesn’t know which column you are asking it to retrieve.

SQL CROSS JOIN 5

To resolve these kinds of issues, you always have to use the table name before the column name.

The following Cross Join query is using the ALIAS table name before the column names. By this approach, we can inform the Server that we are looking for id column belonging to the department table.

We can write the above query as:

-- SQL Server Cross Join Example
SELECT Emp.[FirstName]
      ,Emp.[LastName]
      ,Dept.id
      ,Dept.[DepartmentName]
FROM [Employee] AS Emp
CROSS JOIN
     [Department] AS Dept

OUTPUT

SQL CROSS JOIN 6

Cross Join without Join keyword

You can also avoid the CROSS JOIN keyword to get the result. The following query will show you the same.

-- SQL Server Cross Join Example
SELECT Emp.[FirstName] AS [First Name]
      ,Emp.[LastName] AS [Last Name]
      ,Dept.[DepartmentName] AS [Department Name]
FROM [Employee] AS Emp,
CROSS JOIN
     [Department] AS Dept

--OR We Can simply Write it as
SELECT Emp.[FirstName] AS [First Name]
      ,Emp.[LastName] AS [Last Name]
      ,Dept.[DepartmentName] AS [Department Name]
FROM [Employee] AS Emp,
     [Department] AS Dept

OUTPUT

SQL CROSS JOIN 1

SQL Cross Join Where Clause

We can use the Where Clause along with cross join in restricting the number of rows returned by the Cross Join.

In this example, we will use that WHERE Clause along with the Cross Join.

-- SQL Server Cross Join Example
SELECT Emp.[FirstName] AS [First Name]
      ,Emp.[LastName] AS [Last Name]
      ,Dept.[DepartmentName] AS [Department Name]
FROM [Employee] AS Emp,
     [Department] AS Dept
WHERE Dept.[DepartmentName] = 'Software Developer'

OUTPUT

SQL CROSS JOIN 2

SQL Cross Join Order By Clause Example

The cross join allows us to use Order By Clause to rearrange the order of the records.

-- SQL Server Cross Join Example
SELECT Emp.[FirstName] AS [First Name]
      ,Emp.[LastName] AS [Last Name]
      ,Dept.[DepartmentName] AS [Department Name]
FROM [Employee] AS Emp,
     [Department] AS Dept
WHERE Dept.[DepartmentName] = 'Software Developer'

OUTPUT

SQL CROSS JOIN 7

Placed Under: SQL