A Clustered Index in SQL Server defines the order in which data is physically stored in a table. It means, clustered index will sort the records first and then store them. Generally, when you create Primary Key then the Clustered index will automatically created by that primary key. However, you can explicitly create a clustered index using the CREATE CLUSTER INDEX statement.
TIP : You can create only One Clustered Index per Table.
In this article we will show you, How to create and delete (drop) a clustered index in SQL Server using Transact SQL Query, and SQL Server Management Studio
Create Clustered Index in SQL Server
When you create Primary Key Constraint on a column then SQL will automatically create a Clustered Index on that column for you. This will happen only if there is no Clustered Index in that table.
In this example we will show you, How to create a Clustered Index in SQL using the Transact SQL statement. Here we will create a primary key at the time of table creation. I Suggest you to refer Create Table article to understand the Create Table statement.
-- Create Clustered Index in SQL Server USE [SQL Tutorial] GO CREATE TABLE [CustomerRecord] ( [CustomerKey] [int] NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, [FirstName] [varchar](50) NOT NULL , [LastName] [varchar](50) NULL, [EmailAddress] [nvarchar](50) NULL, [Profession] [nvarchar](100) NULL, [Yearly Income] [money] NULL )
OUTPUT
Let me use the sp_helpindex stored procedure to check the indexes on CustomerRecord table.
EXECUTE SP_HELPINDEX CustomerRecord
As you can see from the below screenshot, primary key had created a Clustered and Unique index on Customer Key column.
You can also use SP_HELP stored procedure to check the same.
EXECUTE SP_HELP CustomerRecord
This will show all the information about the table.
Or you can simply expand the table on which we created the Clustered Index, and expand the Indexes folder as we shown below
Insert rows into Clustered Index Column
Let me insert few rows to check the clustered Index functionality. As you can see we are inserting 5 records into the table, and the Customer Key values are not in any proper order.
-- Create Clustered Index in SQL Server USE [SQL Tutorial] GO INSERT INTO [dbo].[CustomerRecord] VALUES (4, 'Imran', 'Khan', '[email protected]', 'Skilled Professional', 15900) ,(2, 'Doe', 'Lara', '[email protected]', 'Management', 15000) ,(5, 'Ramesh', 'Kumar', '[email protected]', 'Professional', 65000) ,(1, 'SQL', 'Tutorial', '[email protected]', 'CEO', 654500) ,(3, 'Tutorial', 'Gateway', '[email protected]', 'HR', 95000)
OUTPUT
Let me Select the records that we inserted before. From the below screenshot you can see that, the records are sorted by Customer Key in Ascending Order. This is because, Clustered Index will reorder (rearrange) records.
Delete Clustered Index in SQL Server
Please use the DROP INDEX statement to delete or drop Clustered Index
-- DROP Clustered Index in SQL Server DROP INDEX CustomerRecord.PK__Customer__95011E647C9C5969
Here, our clustered Index is automatically created by the primary key so we can’t simply delete using this statement. But for explicitly created Clustered Index this will work.
Use SSMS to Delete Clustered Index in SQL Server
Within the object explorer, Expand the Database folder, and select the table on which your Clustered Index present. Next, expand the Indexes folder, and right-click on the key name will open the context menu. Please select the Delete option
Once you select the Delete option, Delete Object window will be opened. Click OK to delete the Index.
Create SQL Clustered Index on Existing table
In this example we will show you, How to add Clustered Index on existing table. And the syntax is:
-- Create Clustered Indexes in SQL Server CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX Index_Name ON Table_Name (Column_Name(s) ASC/DESC)
Below statement will create Clustered Index on Yearly Income Column present in Customerrecord table
-- Create Clustered Indexes in SQL Server CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX IX_CustomerRecord_YearlyIncome ON CustomerRecord ([Yearly Income] ASC)
Now you can see that the data is sorted by the Yearly Income column in ascending order
This time we created the Clustered Index explicitly So, let me try the DROP INDEX statement to delete this clustered index.
-- Delete Clustered Indexes in SQL Server DROP INDEX CustomerRecord.IX_CustomerRecord_YearlyIncome
Now you can see we successfully deleted the clustered index using Drop Index statement.
Create Composite Clustered Index in SQL Server
SQL allows you to create clustered index on multiple columns (but not multiple clustered indexes). So, you can point the same clustered index to Multiple columns. To demonstrate the same we added two more records to the Customer record table
In this example, we are adding clustered index on Professional column, and Yearly Income column
-- Create Composite Clustered Indexes in SQL Server CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX IX_CustomerRecord_YearlyIncome ON CustomerRecord ([Profession] ASC, [Yearly Income] DESC)
OUTPUT
Now you can see, data is sorted by Professional in Ascending Order, and then by Yearly Income in descending order.
Create Clustered Index using SQL Server Management Studio
Use Object Explorer to Create Clustered Index in SQL Server
In this example we will show you, How to create a Clustered Index using the SQL server management Studio. To do so, Please go to the Object Explorer and expand the Database folder in which the table had. Please expand the table on which you want to create a Clustered Index, and Right click on the Indexes folder will open the context menu. Please select New Index and then select Clustered Index.. option as shown below
Once you select Clustered Index.. option, a new window called New Index will be opened as we shown below. Please change the Index Name as per your requirements
Click on the Add button, and select the column name on which you want to specify the Clustered Index. For now, we are selecting the Yearly Income column.
Please change the sort order
Now you can see that the table is sorted by Yearly Income in descending order
Create SQL Clustered Index using Table Designer
Please expand the table on which you want to create a Clustered Index, and Right click on it will open the context menu. Please select Design option to open the table in Designer window. Next, Right click on the column will open the context menu. Please select the Set Indexes / Keys… option as we shown below.
Please click on the Add button to add a Clustered Index. Once you select the Add option, SSMS will create an Index for you.
Next, click on the Browse button beside the Columns option to change the column. Next, we selected the Profession as the Column Name, and Descending is the Sort Order.
Under the Table Designer, Please change the Create As Clustered option from default No to Yes
Now you can see that the data is sorted by Yearly Income in descending order.
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