SQL CONVERT

The SQL CONVERT is one of the SQL Conversions Function used to convert an expression from one data type to another. In this article we will show you, How to use, or write CONVERT in SQL Server with example. For this we are going to use the Employee table from SQL Tutorial database.

SQL CONVERT Function Syntax

The basic syntax of the SQL Server CONVERT Function is as shown below:

CONVERT (Data_Type [(Length)], Expression, [Style])

-- For example
SELECT CONVERT (VARCHAR(50), 245) AS [result_name]
FROM [Source]

• Data_Type: Here you have to specify the Data Type to which you want to convert an expression
• Length: It is an optional parameter of integer type. You can use this parameter to specify the length of the target data type. By default it is 30.
• Expression: Please specify any valid expression that you want to convert into the desired data type.
• Style: It is also an optional parameter of integer type. You can use this parameter to define the style.

TIP: If the CONVERT function is unable to convert an expression into desired data type then it returns an Error.

SQL CONVERT Function to format Date

Following are the list of formatting styles that are available in SQL Server CONVERT function.

Without Century (yy)	With Century (yyyy)	Standard	Input/Output
–	0 to 100	This is the Default for both datetime, and smalldatetime	mon dd yyyy hh:miAM (or PM)
1	101	U.S.	1 = mm/dd/yy 101 = mm/dd/yyyy
2	102	ANSI	2 = yy.mm.dd 102 = yyyy.mm.dd
3	103	British/French	3 = dd/mm/yy 103 = dd/mm/yyyy
4	104	German	4 = dd.mm.yy 104 = dd.mm.yyyy
5	105	Italian	5 = dd-mm-yy 105 = dd-mm-yyyy
6	106	–	6 = dd mon yy 106 = dd mon yyyy
7	107	–	7 = Mon dd, yy 107 = Mon dd, yyyy
8	108	–	hh:mi:ss
–	9 or 109	Default + milliseconds	mon dd yyyy hh:mi:ss:mmmmAM (or PM)
10	110	USA	10 = mm-dd-yy 110 = mm-dd-yyyy
11	111	JAPAN	11 = yy/mm/dd 111 = yyyy/mm/dd
12	112	ISO	12 = yymmdd 112 = yyyymmdd
–	13 or 113	Europe Default + millisecond	dd mon yyyy hh:mi:ss:mmm(24h)
14	114	–	hh:mi:ss:mmm(24h)
–	20 or 120	ODBC canonical	yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss(24h)
–	21 or 121	ODBC canonical with milliseconds. This is the Default for time, date, datetime2, and datetimeoffset	yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss.mmm(24h)
–	126	ISO8601	yyyy-mm-ddThh:mi:ss.mmm (no Spaces)
–	127	ISO8601 with time zone Z	yyyy-mm-ddThh:mi:ss.mmmZ (no Spaces)
–	130	Hijri	dd mon yyyy hh:mi:ss:mmmAM
–	131	Hijri	dd/mm/yyyy hh:mi:ss:mmmAM

SQL CONVERT Example to Format DATE

In this example we are going to use the CONVERT function on GETDATE() to return the date in different formats.

SQL CODE

-- SQL SERVER CONVERT Function Example - Date Format
SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(50), GETDATE()) AS 'Result 1';

SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(50), GETDATE(), 100) AS 'Result 2';
SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(50), GETDATE(), 101) AS 'Result 3';
 
SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(50), GETDATE(), 102) AS 'Result 4';
SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(50), GETDATE(), 103) AS 'Result 5';
 
SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(50), GETDATE(), 104) AS 'Result 6';
SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(50), GETDATE(), 105) AS 'Result 7';
SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(50), GETDATE(), 110) AS 'Result 8';

OUTPUT

SQL CONVERT to Format Money

If an expression is money, or small money then we can use the style argument to stylize. Following are the list of money formatting styles that are available in SQL Server CONVERT function.

Value	Output
0	This will only return two digits after the decimal point
1	It will separate every three digits by placing comma. This will also return two digits after the decimal point.
2	This return four digits after the decimal point
126	This is equivalent to 2 when you are converting to char, or varchar

SQL CODE

-- SQL SERVER CONVERT Function Example - Date Format
DECLARE @Sale MONEY
SET @Sale = 1234567.98723

SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(50), @Sale) AS 'Result 1';

SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(50), @Sale, 0) AS 'Result 2';

SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(50), @Sale, 1) AS 'Result 3';
SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(50), @Sale, 2) AS 'Result 4';

SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(50), @Sale, 256) AS 'Result 5';

OUTPUT

SQL Convert example to format float values

When an expression is float, or real we can use the style argument. Following are the list of formatting styles that are available in SQL Server CONVERT function.

Value	Output
0	This return maximum of 6 digits
1	Returns 8 digits. Always use in Scientific notation
2	This always returns 16 digits. Always use in Scientific notation
3	This is supported in SQL Server 2016. It returns 17 digits, and is useful to perform conversion without loosing

SQL CODE

-- SQL SERVER CONVERT Function Example - Date Format
DECLARE @Sale FLOAT
SET @Sale = 1234567.98723

SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(50), @Sale) AS 'Result 1';

SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(50), @Sale, 0) AS 'Result 2';

SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(50), @Sale, 1) AS 'Result 3';
SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(50), @Sale, 2) AS 'Result 4';

SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(50), @Sale, 3) AS 'Result 5';

OUTPUT

SQL CONVERT Function Example 1

In this example, we will work with NULL values.

SQL CODE

-- SQL SERVER CONVERT Function Example
DECLARE @str AS VARCHAR(50)
SET @str = NULL

SELECT CONVERT(INT, @str) AS Result;

SELECT CONVERT(INT, NULL) AS Result;

OUTPUT

Let us use what will happen, if we used the Convert function to convert the ‘Tutorial Gateway’ string to date time. As you can see it is not possible so, this function is returning Error as output.

-- SQL SERVER CONVERT Function Example
SELECT CONVERT(INT, 'Tutorial Gateway') AS Result;

OUTPUT

SQL CONVERT Function Example 3

In this example, we will apply the CONVERT function on our Employee table.

SQL CODE

USE [SQL Tutorial]
GO
SELECT TOP 1000 [EmpID]
      ,[FirstName]
      ,[LastName]
      ,[Education]
      ,[Occupation]
      ,[YearlyIncome] AS [Yearly Income]
      ,CONVERT(VARCHAR(50),[Sales], 2) AS [Sale Amount]
      ,CONVERT(VARCHAR(50), [HireDate], 113) AS [Hire Date]
  FROM [Employee]

OUTPUT

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