Arithmetic Operators in C

The Arithmetic operators are some of the C Programming Operator, which are used to perform arithmetic operations includes operators like Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division and Modulus. All these operators are binary operators which means they operate on two operands. Below table shows all the Arithmetic Operators in C Programming with examples.

Arithmetic Operators in C	Operation	Example
+	Addition	10 + 2 = 12
–	Subtraction	10 – 2 = 8
*	Multiplication	10 * 2 = 20
/	Division	10 / 2 = 5
%	Modulus – It returns the remainder after the division	10 % 2 = 0 (Here remainder is zero). If it is 10 % 3 then it will be 1.

Arithmetic Operators in C Example

In this program, We are using two variables a and b and their values are 12 and 3. We are going to use these two variables to perform various arithmetic operations present in C Language

/* Program to Perform Arithmetic Operations in C */

#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
 int a = 12, b = 3;
 int addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus;
 
 addition = a + b; //addition of 3 and 12
 subtraction = a - b; //subtract 3 from 12
 multiplication = a * b; //Multiplying both
 division = a / b; //dividing 12 by 3 (number of times)
 modulus = a % b; //calculation the remainder
 
 printf("Addition of two numbers a, b is : %d\n", addition);
 printf("Subtraction of two numbers a, b is : %d\n", subtraction);
 printf("Multiplication of two numbers a, b is : %d\n", multiplication);
 printf("Division of two numbers a, b is : %d\n", division);
 printf("Modulus of two numbers a, b is : %d\n", modulus);

}

OUTPUT

NOTE: When we are using division (/) operator the result will completely depend upon the data type it belongs to.

For example, if the data type is an integer then it will produce the integer value by rounding the value (5 / 2 = 2). If you want the correct result then change the data type to float. Don’t get confused, let’s see one more example for better understanding

Arithmetic Operators in C using Float

For this example, We are using two variables a and b and their values are 7 and 3. We are going to use these two variables to show the problems we generally face while performing arithmetic operations on Int and Float Datatype.

/* C Program to Perform Division and Modulus on Float data type */

#include<stdio.h> 

int main()
{
 int a = 7, b = 3;
 int integerdiv, modulus;
 float floatdiv;
 
 integerdiv = a / b; // dividing 7 by 3
 modulus = a % b; // calculation the remainder
 floatdiv = (float)a / b; // Converting int to float
 
 printf("Division of two numbers a, b is : %d\n", integerdiv);
 printf("Modulus of two numbers a, b is : %d\n", modulus);

 printf("---------Correct Results is------- \n");
 printf("Division of two numbers a, b is : %f\n", floatdiv);

}

OUTPUT

If you notice the above result, we got two different results for the same calculation. Because for the first result, both a and b are integers and the output is also an integer (integerdiv). So the compiler neglects the term after the decimal point and shows answer 2 instead of 2.3333 and a % b is 1 because the remainder is 1. Next, we changed the output data type to float (floatdiv), and also converted the result to float to get our desired result.

TIP: Please be careful, while using the division operator (Type casting plays a major role here).

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