In this article We are going to show you, C Program to Swap two Arrays without using Temp variable. Instead of using third variable we are going to use Arithmetic Operators and Bitwise Operators.
C Program to Swap Two Arrays Without Using Temp Variable
In this program, Instead of using the temp or third variable to swap two arrays We are going to use Arithmetic Operators in C.
CODE
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/* C Program to Swap Two Arrays Without Using Temp Variable */ #include<stdio.h> int main() { int Size, i, a[10], b[10], Temp[10]; printf("\nPlease Enter the Size of the Array\n"); scanf("%d", &Size); printf("\nPlease Enter the First Array Elements\n"); for(i = 0; i < Size; i++) { scanf("%d", &a[i]); } printf("\nPlease Enter the Second Array Elements\n"); for(i = 0; i < Size; i ++) { scanf("%d", &b[i]); } //Swapping two Arrays for(i = 0; i < Size; i++) { a[i] = a[i] + b[i]; b[i] = a[i] - b[i]; a[i] = a[i] - b[i]; } printf("\n a[%d] Array Elements After Swapping \n", Size); for(i = 0; i < Size; i ++) { printf(" %d \t ",a[i]); } printf("\n\n b[%d] Array Elements After Swapping \n", Size); for(i = 0; i < Size; i ++) { printf(" %d \t ",b[i]); } return 0; } |
OUTPUT
ANALYSIS
In this Program, We declared 2 arrays or One dimensional arrays a, b with the size of 10 * 10 and we also declared 4 more arrays Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Module of integer type and 1 array Division with float data type because, division of 2 integer numbers may give float results in most of the times.
Below printf statement asks the User to enter the arrays a, b size (Number of elements. For instance 4 elements = a[4])
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printf("\n Please Enter the Size of the Array\n"); |
Below scanf statement will assign the user entered values to Size variable.
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scanf("%d", &Size); |
Below for loop will helps to iterate each and every cell present in the a[3] array. Condition inside the for loops (i < Size)) will ensure the compiler, not to exceed the array size. Otherwise the array will overflow
scanf statement inside the for loop will store the user entered values in every individual array element such as a[0], a[1], a[2]
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for(i = 0; i < Size; i++) { scanf("%d", &a[i]); } |
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for(i = 0; i < Size; i++) { scanf("%d", &b[i]); } |
a[3] = {20, 50, 80} and
b[3] = {10, 35, 65}
First Iteration
The value of i will be 0 and the condition (i < 3) is True. So, it will start executing the statements inside the loop until the condition fails.
a[i] = a[i] + b[i];
a[0] = a[0] + b[0] = 20 + 10 = 30
b[i] = a[i] – b[i];
b[0] = a[0] – b[0] = 30 – 10 = 20
a[i] = a[i] – b[i];
a[0] = a[0] – b[0] = 30 – 20 = 10
Second Iteration
The value of i will be 1 and the condition (i < 3) is True.
a[1] = a[1] + b[1] = 50 + 35 = 85
b[1] = a[1] – b[1] = 85 – 35 = 50
a[1] = a[1] – b[1] = 85 – 50 = 35
Third Iteration
The value of columns will be 2 and the condition (i < 3) is True.
a[2] = a[2] + b[2] = 80 + 65 = 145
b[2] = a[2] – b[2] = 145 – 65 = 80
a[2] = a[2] – b[2] = 145 – 80 = 65
After the increment the value of columns will be 3 and the condition (i < 3) will fail. So it will exit from the loop.
Next for loop,
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for(i = 0; i < Size; i ++) { printf(" %d \t ",a[i]); } |
Next for loop,
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for(i = 0; i < Size; i ++) { printf(" %d \t ",b[i]); } |
The final output of the a[i] Array is:
a[3] = {10, 35, 65}{20, 50, 80}
The final output of the b[i] Array is:
b[3] = {20, 50, 80}
NOTE: Although we can swap two arrays using multiplication and division approach but they may produce strange values if we are working with larger integer values or if any of the integer value is 0
C Program to Swap Two Arrays Using Bitwise Operator
In this program, Instead of using the temp or third variable to swap two arrays We are going to use Bitwise OR Operator.
CODE
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/* C Program to Swap Two Arrays Without Using Temp Variable */ #include<stdio.h> int main() { int Size, i, a[10], b[10], Temp[10]; printf("\nPlease Enter the Size of the Array\n"); scanf("%d", &Size); printf("\nPlease Enter the First Array Elements\n"); for(i = 0; i < Size; i++) { scanf("%d", &a[i]); } printf("\nPlease Enter the Second Array Elements\n"); for(i = 0; i < Size; i ++) { scanf("%d", &b[i]); } //Swapping two Arrays for(i = 0; i < Size; i++) { a[i] = a[i] ^ b[i]; b[i] = a[i] ^ b[i]; a[i] = a[i] ^ b[i]; } printf("\n a[%d] Array Elements After Swapping \n", Size); for(i = 0; i < Size; i ++) { printf(" %d \t ",a[i]); } printf("\n\n b[%d] Array Elements After Swapping \n", Size); for(i = 0; i < Size; i ++) { printf(" %d \t ",b[i]); } return 0; } |
OUTPUT
ANALYSIS
We are just explaining the logic for first variable only. Please refer Bitwise Operator in C to understand how bitwise operator work.
User Entered Values are a[0] = 8 and b[0] = 4. The binary values of 8 = 1000 and 4 = 0010.
a[0] = a[0] ^ b[0]
a[0] = 1000 ^ 0010
a[0] = 1010
b[0] = a[0] ^ b[0]
b[0] = 1010 ^ 0010
b[0] = 1000
a[0] = a[0] ^ b[0];
a[0] = 1010 ^ 1000
a[0] = 0010
Final Values after swapping two arrays: a[0] = 4 and b[0] = 8
Do the same for remaining values a[1], a[2], a[3] and b[1], b[2], b[3]
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