In this article we will show you, How to write a C Program to Perform Arithmetic Operations on Multi-Dimensional Arrays with example along with detailed explanation.
C Program to Perform Arithmetic Operations on Multi-Dimensional Arrays
This C program allows the user to enter the number of rows and columns of 2 Two dimensional array and then we are going to perform the Arithmetic Operations such as Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division on Multi-Dimensional Arrays.
CODE:
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/* C Program to Perform Arithmetic Operations on Matrix */ #include<stdio.h> int main() { int i, j, rows, columns, a[10][10], b[10][10]; int Addition[10][10], Subtraction[10][10], Multiplication[10][10], Module[10][10]; float Division[10][10]; printf("\nPlease Enter Number of rows and columns\n"); scanf("%d %d", &i, &j); printf("\nPlease Enter the First Array Elements\n"); for(rows = 0; rows < i; rows++) { for(columns = 0;columns < j;columns++) { scanf("%d", &a[rows][columns]); } } printf("\nPlease Enter the Second Array Elements\n"); for(rows = 0; rows < i; rows++) { for(columns = 0;columns < j;columns++) { scanf("%d", &b[rows][columns]); } } for(rows = 0; rows < i; rows++) { for(columns = 0;columns < j;columns++) { Addition[rows][columns] = a[rows][columns] + b[rows][columns]; Subtraction[rows][columns] = a[rows][columns] - b[rows][columns]; Multiplication[rows][columns] = a[rows][columns] * b[rows][columns]; Division[rows][columns] = a[rows][columns] / b[rows][columns]; Module[rows][columns] = a[rows][columns] % b[rows][columns]; } } printf("\nAdd\t Sub\t Multi\t Div\t Mod"); for(rows = 0; rows < i; rows++) { for(columns = 0; columns < j; columns++) { printf("\n%d \t ", Addition[rows][columns]); printf("%d \t ", Subtraction[rows][columns]); printf("%d \t ", Multiplication[rows][columns]); printf("%.2f \t ", Division[rows][columns]); printf("%d \t ", Module[rows][columns]); } } return 0; } |
OUTPUT:
Analysis:
In this Program, We declared 2 Two dimensional arrays a, b with the size of 10 * 10 and we also declared 4 more Two dimensional arrays Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Module of integer type and 1 Two dimensional array Division with float data type because, division of 2 integer numbers may give float results in most of the times.
Below printf statement asks the User to enter the Two dimensional arrays a, b size (Number of rows and columns. For instance 2 Rows, 3 Columns = a[4][3])
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printf("\nPlease Enter Number of rows and columns\n"); |
Below scanf statement will assign the user entered values to i and j (Rows = i and Columns = j).
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scanf("%d %d", &i, &j); |
Below for loop will helps to iterate each and every cell present in the a[2][3] matrix. Conditions inside the for loops ((rows < i) and (columns < j)) will ensure the compiler, not to exceed the matrix limit. Otherwise the matrix will overflow
scanf statement inside the for loop will store the user entered values in every individual array element such as a[0][0], a[0][1], a[0][2], a[1][0], a[1][1], a[1][2]
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for(rows = 0; rows < i; rows++). { for(columns = 0; columns < j; columns++) { scanf("%d", &a[rows][columns]); } } |
Below for loop will helps to iterate each and every cell present in the b[2][3] matrix.
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for(rows = 0; rows < i; rows++). { for(columns = 0; columns < j; columns++) { scanf("%d", &b[rows][columns]); } } |
In the next line, We have one more for loop.
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for(rows = 0; rows < i; rows++) { for(columns = 0;columns < j;columns++) { Addition[rows][columns] = a[rows][columns] + b[rows][columns]; Subtraction[rows][columns] = a[rows][columns] - b[rows][columns]; Multiplication[rows][columns] = a[rows][columns] * b[rows][columns]; Division[rows][columns] = a[rows][columns] / b[rows][columns]; Module[rows][columns] = a[rows][columns] % b[rows][columns]; } } |
Above For loop is used to calculate the Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division and Module of 2 arrays. From the above screenshot
User inserted values are
a[2][3] = {{15, 25, 35}, { 45, 55, 65}} and
b[2][3] = {{10, 5, 20}, {30, 45, 30}}
Row First Iteration
The value of row will be 0 and the condition (rows < 2) is True. So, it will enter into second for loop
Column First Iteration
The value of column will be 0 and the condition (columns < 2) is True. So, it will start executing the statements inside the loop until the condition fails.
Addition [rows][columns] = a[rows][columns] + b[rows][columns];
Addition [0][0] = a[0][0] + b[0][0];
Addition [0][0] = 15 + 10 = 25
Subtraction [rows][columns] = a[rows][columns] – b[rows][columns];
Subtraction [0][0] = 15 – 10 = 5
Multiplication [rows][columns] = a[rows][columns] * b[rows][columns];
Multiplication [0][0] = 15 * 10 = 150
Division [rows][columns] = a[rows][columns] / b[rows][columns];
Division [0][0] = 15 / 10 = 1
Module [rows][columns] = a[rows][columns] / b[rows][columns];
Module [0][0] = 15 % 10 = 5
Column Second Iteration
The value of column will be 1 and the condition (columns < 3) is True. Since we didn’t exit from the inner loop (Columns loop), Row value will be 0
Addition [rows][columns] = a[rows][columns] + b[rows][columns];
Addition [0][1]= a[0][1] + b[0][1];
Addition [0][1]= 25 + 5 = 30
Subtraction [0][1] = 25 – 5 = 20
Multiplication [0][1] = 25 * 5 = 125
Division [0][1] = 25 / 5 = 5
Module [0][1] = 25 % 5 = 0
Column 3rd Iteration
The value of columns will be 2 and the condition (columns < 3) is True. Since we didn’t exit from the inner loop (Columns loop), Row value will be 0
Addition [rows][columns] = a[rows][columns] + b[rows][columns];
Addition [0][2] = a[0][2] + b[0][2];
Addition [0][2] = 35 + 20 = 55
Subtraction [0][2] = 35 – 20 = 15
Multiplication [0][2] =35 * 20 = 700
Division [0][2] = 35 / 20 = 1
Module [0][2] = 25 % 5 = 15
After the increment the value of columns will be 3 and the condition (columns < 3) will fail. So it will exit from the loop.
Now the value of rows will be incremented and starts the second row iteration
Row First Iteration
The value of row will be 1 and the condition (rows < 2) is True. So, it will enter into second for loop
Column First Iteration
The value of column will be 0 and the condition (columns < 3) is True. So, it will start executing the statements inside the loop until the condition fails.
Addition [rows][columns] = a[rows][columns] + b[rows][columns];
Addition [1][0] = a[1][0] + b[1][0];
Addition [1][0] = 45 + 30 = 75
Subtraction [1][0] = 45 – 30 = 15
Multiplication [1][0] = 45 * 30 = 1350
Division [1][0] = 45 / 30 = 1
Module [1][0] = 45 % 30 = 15
Column Second Iteration
The value of column will be 1 and the condition (columns < 3) is True. Since we didn’t exit from the inner loop (Columns loop), Row value will be 0
Addition [rows][columns] = a[rows][columns] + b[rows][columns];
Addition [1][1]= a[1][1] + b[1][1];
Addition [1][1]= 55 + 45 = 100
Subtraction [1][1]= 55 – 45 = 10
Multiplication [[1][1]= 55 * 45 = 2475
Division [1][1]= 55 / 45 = 1
Module [1][1]= 55 % 45 = 10
Column 3rd Iteration
The value of columns will be 2 and the condition (columns < 3) is True. Since we didn’t exit from the inner loop (Columns loop), Row value will be 0
Addition [rows][columns] = a[rows][columns] + b[rows][columns];
Addition [1][2] = a[1][2] + b[1][2];
Addition [1][2] = 65 + 30 = 95
Subtraction [1][2] = 65 – 30 = 35
Multiplication [1][2] = 65 * 30 = 1950
Division [1][2] = 65 / 30 = 2
Module [1][2] = 65 % 30 = 5
After the increment the value of columns will be 3 and the condition (columns < 3) will fail. So it will exit from the loop.
Now the value of rows will be incremented, it means rows =2. Condition (rows < 2) will fail So, it will exit from the loop.
Next for loops,
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for(rows = 0; rows < i; rows++) { for(columns = 0; columns < j; columns++) { printf("\n%d \t ", Addition[rows][columns]); printf("%d \t ", Subtraction[rows][columns]); printf("%d \t ", Multiplication[rows][columns]); printf("%.2f \t ", Division[rows][columns]); printf("%d \t ", Module[rows][columns]); } } |
Will traverse as we explained above but instead of summing it will display the values one by one using the printf statements inside them.
The final output of the Addition Array is:
Addition [2][3] = { {25, 30, 55}, {75, 100, 95} };
The final output of the Subtraction Array is:
Subtraction [2][3] = { {5, 20, 15}, {15, 10, 35} };
The final output of the Multiplication Array is:
Multiplication [2][3] = { {150, 125, 700}, {1350, 2475, 1950} };
The final output of the Division array is:
Division [2][3] = { {1.00, 5.00, 1.00,}, {1.00, 1.00, 2.00} };
The final output of the Module Array is:
Module [2][3] = { {5, 0, 15}, {15, 10, 5} };
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