The SQL Server Mathematical Functions allow us to perform basic math functionality. For instance, you can use Mathematical functions to find the elementary exponential value, square root, floor, round, logarithmic, and trigonometric.
SQL Mathematical Functions
Apart from basic math operators, which we discussed in the Arithmetic Operators, there are standard and common Math functions. These SQL Server Mathematical functions allow you to manipulate the numerical data, which is crucial in data processing.
The following table will show you the list of Mathematical Functions. So, please follow the links to view the tutorial on Math functions.
| Mathematical Functions | Description |
|---|---|
| ABS | It returns the Absolute value or absolute positive value. |
| ACOS | It will return the trigonometric Arc Cosine value of a given value. |
| ASIN | It returns the trigonometric Arc Sine value of a given value. |
| ATAN | It will return the trigonometric Arc Tangent value of a given value. |
| ATN2 | It is useful to return the angle (in radius) from the X-Axis to the specified point (y, x) |
| CEILING | This SQL Mathematical function returns the smallest number, which is greater than or equal to the specified expression. |
| COS | It is useful to return the trigonometric Cosine of a given number. |
| COT | It is useful to return the trigonometric Cotangent of a given number. |
| DEGREES | It is useful to convert the specified radiant angle to an equivalent angle measured in Degrees. |
| EXP | It returns E raised to the power of a given value, Where E is Euler’s number, and it is approximately equal to 2.71828. |
| FLOOR | This returns the largest integer value, which is less than or equal to the specified expression or given number. |
| LOG | It will calculate the natural logarithmic value of a given number with base E, where E is Euler’s number, which is equal to 2.71828. |
| LOG10 | It is useful to calculate the base 10 logarithmic value of the given number. |
| PI | This SQL Mathematical function returns the Pie Value, which is approximately equal to 3.14 |
| POWER | It is useful to display the power of user-specified expressions. |
| RADIANS | It is used to convert the specified Degrees angle to the equivalent angle measured in Radians. |
| RAND | This returns the positive, and the value will be greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0 |
| ROUND | It is useful to round the specified expression or an individual number to the nearest numeric. |
| SIGN | Returns the Sign of the given argument, and the result may be Positive (+), Negative (-), or Zero (0). |
| SIN | This is useful to return the trigonometric sine of a given number |
| SQRT | It finds the square root of a specified expression or an individual number |
| SQUARE | It is used to return the square of the specified expression or an individual number |
| TAN | It returns the trigonometric Tangent of a given number |
From the above specified Mathematical functions, all the Arithmetic functions such as ABS, DEGREES, CEILING, FLOOR, POWER, SIGN, AND RADIANS return the result in the same data type as the input value.
Trigonometric and other Mathematical functions, including SQL Server EXP, SQUARE, SQRT, LOG10, and LOG will CAST their input values to FLOAT data type and return the result as FLOAT value.